Antimicrobial Activity of Eel Mucus: A Review
DOI:
https://doi.org/10.33102/mjosht.v9i2.363Keywords:
Eel mucus, pathogenic microbes, antimicrobial activityAbstract
Epidermal fish mucus contains a wide range of bioactive metabolites involved with the defence mechanism. This review explores the potential of eel mucus extract for its antagonistic potential against common pathogenic microbes, which are commonly implicated in foodborne and human infections. The ability to adhere and invade the host cell and disarm the growth of other pathogenic microbes will also be discussed. Modes of action for eel mucus, including the antibacterial and antifungal properties of the bioactive metabolites, shall also be explored. Thus, this overview represents the potent bioactivities of mucus extracted from eel, which could be further explored as an alternative to antibiotics or synthetic drug agents.
Downloads
References
Matsumoto, S., Kon, T., Yamaguchi, M., Takeshima, H., Yamazaki, Y., Mukai, T., Kuriiwa, K., Kohda, M., & Nishida, M. 2010. "Cryptic diversification of the swamp eel Monopterus albus in East and Southeast Asia, with special reference to the Ryukyuan populations". Ichthyological Research, 57(1), 71–77. https://doi.org/10.1007/s10228-009-0125-y
Shafland, P. L., Gestring, K. B., & Stanford, M. S. 2010. "An assessment of the Asian swamp eel Monopterus albus in Florida". Reviews in Fisheries Science, 18(1), 25–39. https://doi.org/10.1080/10641260903225542
Sow, A., Ismail, A., Zulkifli, S., Azmai, M., & Hambali, K. 2018. "Ecology and biology of the commercially valuable freshwater Asian swamp eel, Monopterus albus". Malayan Nature Journal, 70(1), 47–52.
Shibuya, K., Tsutsui, S., & Nakamura, O. 2019. "Fugu, Takifugu ruberipes, mucus keratins act as defense molecules against fungi". Molecular Immunology, 116(August), 1–10. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.molimm.2019.09.012
Reverter, M., Tapissier-Bontemps, N., Lecchini, D., Banaigs, B., & Sasal, P. 2018. "Biological and ecological roles of external fish mucus: A review". Fishes, 3(4), 1–19. https://doi.org/10.3390/fishes3040041
Santoso, B., H., Suhartono, E., Yunita, R., & Biyatmoko, D. 2020. "Epidermal mucus as a potential biological matrix for fish health analysis". Egyptian Journal of Aquatic Biology and Fisheries, 24(6), 361–382. https://doi.org/10.21608/ejabf.2020.114402
Najafian, L., & Babji, A. S. 2012. "A review of fish-derived antioxidant and antimicrobial peptides: Their production, assessment, and applications". Peptides, 33(1), 178–185. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.peptides.2011.11.013
Masso-Silva, J. A., & Diamond, G. 2014. "Antimicrobial peptides from fish". Pharmaceuticals, 7(3), 265–310. https://doi.org/10.3390/ph7030265
Hedmon, O., Jacqueline, A., Koffi, K. T., Drago, K. C., & Engeu, O. P. 2018. "Fish Mucus: A Neglected Reservoir For Antimicrobial Peptides". Asian Journal of Pharmaceutical Research and Development, 6(4), 6–11.
Ali, M. T., Ashari, M. F., Wijaya, S. P. R., Lestari, E., & Wijayanti, R. 2018. "Evaluation of wound healing effect of eel mucus ointment (Belutidine) in mice by incision model". Journal of Natural Remedies, 18(1), 1–9. https://doi.org/10.18311/jnr/2018/18107
Omardien, S., Brul, S., & Zaat, S. A. J. 2016. "Antimicrobial activity of cationic antimicrobial peptides against gram-positives: Current progress made in understanding the mode of action and the response of bacteria". Frontiers in Cell and Developmental Biology, 4(OCT), 1–16. https://doi.org/10.3389/fcell.2016.00111
Uthayakumar, V., Ramasubramanian, V., & Senthilkumar, D. 2012. "Biochemical characterisation, antimicrobial and hemolytic studies on skin mucus of fresh water spiny eel Mastacembelus armatus". Asian Pacific Journal of Tropical Biomedicine, 2(2), S863–S869. https://doi.org/10.1016/S2221-1691(12)60325-6
Hilles, A. R., Mahmood, S., & Hashim, R. 2019. "Evaluation of the antibacterial activities of skin mucus from Asian swamp eel Monopterus albus". Indian Journal of Geo-Marine Sciences, 48(12), 1855–1859.
Nurtamin, T., Nurman, R. Y., & Hafizah, I. 2016. "Antibacterial Activity of Eel Anguilla spp. Mucus against Salmonella typhi". The Indonesian Biomedical Journal, 8(3), 179. https://doi.org/10.18585/inabj.v8i3.231
Ikram, N. M. M. N. & Ridzwan, B. H. 2013. "A preliminary screening of antifungal activities from skin mucus extract of Malaysian local swamp eel Monopterus albus". International Research Journal of Pharmacy and Pharmacology, 3(1), 1–8. http://www.interesjournals.org/IRJPP
Liang, Y., Guan, R., Huang, W., & Xu, T. 2011. "Isolation and identification of a novel inducible antibacterial peptide from the skin mucus of Japanese Eel, Anguilla japonica". Protein Journal, 30(6), 413–421. https://doi.org/10.1007/s10930-011-9346-9
Ebran, N., Julien, S., Orange, N., Auperin, B., & Molle, G. 2000. "Isolation and characterisation of novel glycoproteins from fish epidermal mucus: Correlation between their pore-forming properties and their antibacterial activities". Biochimica et Biophysica Acta - Biomembranes, 1467(2), 271–280. https://doi.org/10.1016/S0005-2736(00)00225-X
Bragadeesw, S., & Thangaraj, S. 2011. "Hemolytic and Antibacterial Studies on Skin Mucus of Eel Fish, Anguilla anguilla Linnaues, 1758". In Asian Journal of Biological Sciences (Vol. 4, Issue 3, pp. 272–276). https://doi.org/10.3923/ajbs.2011.272.276
Balouiri, M., Sadiki, M., & Ibnsouda, S. K. 2016. "Methods for in vitro evaluating antimicrobial activity: A review". Journal of Pharmaceutical Analysis, 6(2), 71–79. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.jpha.2015.11.005
Patel, M., Ashraf, M. S., Siddiqui, A. J., Ashraf, S. A., Sachidanandan, M., Snoussi, M., Adnan, M., & Hadi, S. 2020. "Profiling and role of bioactive molecules from Puntius sophore (Freshwater/brackish fish) skin mucus with its potent antibacterial, antiadhesion, and antibiofilm activities". Biomolecules, 10(6), 1–27. https://doi.org/10.3390/biom10060920
Yeong Wei, O., Xavier, R., Marimuthu, K., Air Nasi, B., Bedong Semeling, J., Darul Aman Corresponding Author, K., & Marimuthu, K. 2010. "Screening of antibacterial activity of mucus extract of Snakehead fish, Channa striatus (Bloch)". European Review for Medical and Pharmacological Sciences, 14, 675–681.
Tee, E.-S. 2002. "Nutrition labelling and claims: Concerns and challenges; experiences from the Asia Pacific Region S216 ES Tee". In Asia Pacific Journal of Clinical Nutrition (Vol. 11, Issue S6).
Marshall, B. J., & Warren, J. R. 2018. "Introduction to Foodborne Pathogens". Acrobacter 16, 249–269. https://doi.org/10.1007/978-1-4939-7349-1
Cheung, R. C. F., Ng, T. B., & Wong, J. H. 2015. "Marine peptides: Bioactivities and applications". In Marine Drugs (Vol. 13, Issue 7). https://doi.org/10.3390/md13074006
Adel, M., Safari, R., Soltanian, S., Zorriehzahra, M. J., & Esteban, M. Á. 2018. "Antimicrobial Activity and Enzymes on Skin Mucus from Male and Female Caspian kutum Specimens". Slovenian Veterinary Research, 55(4), 235–244. https://doi.org/10.26873/svr-440-2018
Suzuki, Yuzuru, & Otake, T. 2000. "Skin lectin and the lymphoid tissues in the leptocephalus larvae of the Japanese eel Anguilla japonica". Fisheries Science, 66(4), 636–643. https://doi.org/10.1046/j.1444-2906.2000.00104.x
Shiomi, K., Uematsu, H., Yamanaka, H., & Kikuchi, T. 1989. "Purificatioin and characterisation of a galactose-binding lectin from the skin mucus of the conger eel Conger myriaster". Comparative Biochemistry and Physiology -- Part B: Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, 92(2), 255–261. https://doi.org/10.1016/0305-0491(89)90275-7
Muramoto, K., Kagawa, D., Sato, T., Ogawa, T., Nishida, Y., & Kamiya, H. 1999. "Functional and structural characterisation of multiple galectins from the skin mucus of conger eel, Conger myriaster". Comparative Biochemistry and Physiology - B Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, 123(1), 33–45. https://doi.org/10.1016/S0305-0491(99)00037-1
Muramoto, K., & Kamiya, H. 1992. "The amino-acid sequence of a lectin from conger eel, Conger myriaster skin mucus". BBA - General Subjects, 1116(2), 129–136. https://doi.org/10.1016/0304-4165(92)90109-8
Tasumi, S., Ohira, T., Kawazoe, I., Suetake, H., Suzuki, Y., & Aida, K. 2002. "Primary structure and characteristics of a lectin from skin mucus of the Japanese eel Anguilla japonica". Journal of Biological Chemistry, 277(30), 27305–27311. https://doi.org/10.1074/jbc.M202648200
Tsutsui, S., Yoshinaga, T., Komiya, K., Yamashita, H., & Nakamura, O. 2016. "Differential expression of skin mucus C-type lectin in two freshwater eel species, Anguilla marmorata and Anguilla japonica". Developmental and Comparative Immunology, 61, 154–160. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.dci.2016.03.027
Tasumi, S., Yang, W. J., Usami, T., Tsutsui, S., Ohira, T., Kawazoe, I., Wilder, M. N., Aida, K., & Suzuki, Y. 2004. "Characteristics and primary structure of a galectin in the skin mucus of the Japanese eel, Anguilla japonica". Developmental and Comparative Immunology, 28(4), 325–335. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.dci.2003.08.006
Suzuki, Y., Tasumi, S., Tsutsui, S., Okamoto, M., & Suetake, H. 2003. "Molecular diversity of skin mucus lectins in fish". Comparative Biochemistry and Physiology - B Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, 136(4), 723–730. https://doi.org/10.1016/S1096-4959(03)00178-7
Okamoto, E., Kasahara, H., Chiba, A., Taniguchi, M., & Saitoh, E. 2009. "Purification and characterisation of two novel cysteine protease inhibitors, Eel-CPI-2 and Eel-CPI-3, in the skin mucus of the Japanese eel Anguilla japonica". Fisheries Science, 75(2), 463–471. https://doi.org/10.1007/s12562-009-0063-7
Subramanian, S., Ross, N. W., & MacKinnon, S. L. 2008. "Comparison of antimicrobial activity in the epidermal mucus extracts of fish". Comparative Biochemistry and Physiology - B Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, 150(1), 85–92. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.cbpb.2008.01.011
Iea. 2011. "Solubility of Proteins". An Automated Irrigation System Using Arduino Microcontroller, 1908(January), 2–6.
Downloads
Published
How to Cite
Issue
Section
License
Copyright (c) 2023 Nur Afiqah Azaldin, Liyana Azmi, Muhamad Arif Mohamad Jamali, Ismatul Nurul Asyikin Ismail
This work is licensed under a Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 International License.
The copyright of this article will be vested to author(s) and granted the journal right of first publication with the work simultaneously licensed under the Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 International (CC BY 4.0) license, unless otherwise stated.
