Production of Sugar from Cassava Peel using Different Chemical  Pre-treatment

Nuha Aqilah Zulkifli; Latiffah Karim

doi:10.33102/mjosht.v9i2.358

Authors

Nuha Aqilah Zulkifli Faculty of Science and Technology, Universiti Sains Islam Malaysia (USIM), 71800, Negeri Sembilan, Malaysia.
Latiffah Karim Faculty of Science and Technology, Universiti Sains Islam Malaysia (USIM), 71800, Negeri Sembilan, Malaysia.

DOI:

https://doi.org/10.33102/mjosht.v9i2.358

Keywords:

cassava peel, acid and alkali pre-treatment, organosolv pre-treatment, sugar production

Abstract

Cassava peel has been a notable agricultural waste material to researchers because of its potential to produce sugar, a valuable product in the food, agricultural, and cosmetic industries. The peels constitute lignin, hemicellulose, and cellulose, also known as lignocellulosic biomass. Cassava peels must undergo a pre-treatment method to separate the lignocellulosic material effectively. This study aims to investigate the optimal chemical pre-treatment methods and optimal pre-treatment concentration to produce sugar from cassava peel. Cassava peels were pre-treated with sodium hydroxide, sulphuric acid, and methanol with a catalyst (organosolv). Then, enzymatic hydrolysis was performed using cellulase to hydrolyze cellulose to glucose. The glucose yield is quantified using Dinitrosalicylic Acid Assay and a portable blood glucometer. The results showed that pre-treatment using sodium hydroxide at a concentration of 0.05 M at 121°C for 15 minutes gave the highest glucose yield of 4.53±1.20 mg/ml. Glucose produced from 0.05 M sulphuric acid (H₂SO₄) and 0.2 M organosolv sodium methoxide (MeOH+NaOAc) were 3.55±0.68 mg/ml and 3.29±0.93 mg/ml, respectively. Statistical analysis showed that the effect of different pre-treatment methods and pre-treatment concentrations had a significant glucose yield (P<0.05). Similarly, there was a significant difference (P<0.05) in the glucose yield under different pre-treatment concentrations. Further study on mechanical-assisted chemical pre-treatment methods is recommended.

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