Simulation of a Photoacoustic-Based Gold Authentication System for Tungsten Inclusion Detection Using COMSOL Multiphysics
DOI:
https://doi.org/10.33102/mjosht.506Keywords:
Gold authentication, photoacoustic sensing, tungsten inclusion, non-destructive testingAbstract
The increasing presence of counterfeit gold, especially with tungsten inclusions, poses a significant challenge to the authenticity of gold trading. This research presents a photoacoustic sensing (PAS) method for detecting tungsten inclusions in gold bars. Photoacoustic sensing leverages laser-induced acoustic waves to identify material discrepancies based on their thermal and optical characteristics. This approach enhances the detection capabilities by focusing on the photoacoustic response generated by the interaction of the gold and tungsten matrix with laser light, making it a more reliable and efficient non-destructive testing method. The proposed method is modelled and simulated using COMSOL Multiphysics, providing a simulation-based solution for gold verification. This research aims to contribute to the promotion of fair-trade practices by ensuring the authenticity of gold, aligning with the Sustainable Development Goals (SDGs), specifically SDG 8: Decent Work and Economic Growth, and SDG 12: Responsible Consumption and Production.
Downloads
References
[1] M. Blakeney, “Chapter 3: Impacts of counterfeiting: commercial, fiscal and socio-economic,” in Counterfeit Goods and Organised Crime, Edward Elgar Publishing, 2023, pp. 30 - 41.
[2] V. Ramachandran, “Counterfeit gold bars discovered in New York City,” NBCUniversal Media, 20 September 2012. [Online]. Available: https://www.nbcnews.com/news/us-news/counterfeit-gold-bars-discovered-new-york-city-flna1b5988405.
[3] S. Mills, “Royal Canadian Mint-stamped gold wafer appears to be fake,” CBC News, 30 10 2017. [Online]. Available: https://www.cbc.ca/news/canada/ottawa/fake-gold-wafer-rbc-canadian-mint-1.4368801.
[4] D. Ren, “How Kingold Jewelry’s fake gold bars slipped through scrutiny in one of China’s biggest loan scams,” South China Morning Post, 7 7 2020. [Online]. Available: https://www.scmp.com/business/companies/article/3092042/explainer-how-kingolds-fake-gold-bars-slipped-through-scrutiny.
[5] I. Bolundut, “GOLD: PROPERTIES, MINERALS, ALLOYS, USES AND RECYCLING,” Revista Minelor – Mining Revue, vol. 28, no. 2, pp. 42-48, 2022. DOI: 10.2478/minrv-2022-0013
[6] G. O. Malaysia, “Pawnbroker Act 1972,” Laws of Malaysia, 1972.
[7] Y. Wang, Y. Zhao and S. Liu, “Compressed Sensing for Biomedical Photoacoustic Imaging:,” Sensors and Devices for Biomedical Image Processing, vol. 24, no. 9, p. 2670, 2024. DOI: https://doi.org/10.3390/s24092670
[8] T. Yang, W. Chen and P. Wang, “A review of all-optical photoacoustic spectroscopy as a gas sensing method,” Applied Spectroscopy Review, vol. 6, no. 2, pp. 147-170, 2021. DOI:https://doi.org/10.1080/05704928.2020.1760875
[9] Y. Huang, R. Zhong, Z. Zhang and L. Huang, “A Novel Electromagnetic Wavelength Measurement Method,” Photonics, vol. 11, no. 9, p. 831, 2024. DOI: https://doi.org/10.3390/photonics11090831
[10] K. L. Muratikov, A. L. Glazov, “Theoretical and experimental investigation of the photoacoustic effect in solids with residual stresses,” Central European Journal of Physics, vol. 1, pp. 485-15, 2003. DOI: 10.2478/BF02475859
[11] M. N. Polyanskiy “Refractiveindex.info database of optical constants,” Scientific Data, vol. 11, no. 94, pp. 1-1, 2024. https://doi.org/10.1038/s41597-023-02898-2
Downloads
Published
Issue
Section
License
Copyright (c) 2026 Nur Izzatul Syahzanani Abd Ghani, Juliza Jamaludin, Marinah Othman, Irneza Ismail, Fatinah Rahalim, Mahfuzah Samirah Ideris, Firdaus Zaid
This work is licensed under a Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 International License.
The copyright of this article will be vested to author(s) and granted the journal right of first publication with the work simultaneously licensed under the Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 International (CC BY 4.0) license, unless otherwise stated.
