Characterization of Polyvinyl Alcohol (PVA) as Antimicrobial Biocomposite Film: A Review
DOI:
https://doi.org/10.33102/mjosht.v7i2.215Keywords:
Biodegradable packaging, Plastic packaging, Bio-composite film, Poly (vinyl) alcohol, Antimicrobial IncorporationAbstract
Packaging is a critical process in the food industry because it is used to prevent spoilage, extend shelf-life, and provide an attractive presentation of the food product. Plastic packaging is used all over the world, and its production is increasing year after year. It comes in a variety of colours and designs. However, it has caused serious environmental problems, particularly to the ocean that has become a place for discarded plastic packaging. To address this issue, biodegradable packaging was developed to replace the use of plastic packaging because it helps to reduce environmental impact and waste management costs. Biodegradable packaging is also known as environmentally friendly packaging because it can be degraded into carbon dioxide, water, inorganic compounds, and biomass by microorganisms, algae, fungi, as well as enzyme catalysts. Biodegradable biocomposite film such as starch, cellulose, chitosan, and polyvinyl alcohol (PVA) is required to produce biodegradable packaging. Therefore, this paper aims to characterize PVA as a biocomposite film in biodegradable packaging. PVA has excellent properties to form films, as well as biodegradable, abundant in the environment, and cost-effective. However, it has some limitations in terms of thickness and mechanical properties; thus, the incorporation of PVA with essential oils and fiber is required to improve its mechanical properties, thickness, and provide antimicrobial properties to the packaging.
Downloads
References
L. Motelica, D. Ficai, A. Ficai, O. Oprea, D. Kaya and E. Andronescu, “Biodegradable Antimicrobial Food Packaging: Trends and Perspectives”, Foods, vol. 9, pp. 1-36, October 2020.
D. Ambrose, “Biodegradable Packaging – An Eco-Friendly Approach”, Current Agriculture Research Journal, vol. 8, pp. 04-06, March 2020.
A. Soni, K. Gurunathan,S. Mendiratta, S. Talukder, R. Jaiswal and H. Sharma, “Effect of essential oils incorporated edible film on quality and storage stability of chicken patties at refrigeration temperature (4 – 1 °C)”, Journal of Food Science and Technology, vol. 55, pp. 3538-3546, June 2018.
J. Zhang, W. Xu, Y. Zhang, X. Han, C. Chen and A. Chen, “In situ generated silica reinforced polyvinyl alcohol/liquefied chitin biodegradable films for food packaging”, Carbohydrate Polymers, vol. 238, pp. 116182, June 2020.
L. Ncube, A. Ude, E. Ogunmuyiwa, R. Zulkifli and I. Beas, “Environmental Impact of Food Packaging Materials: A Review of Contemporary Development from Conventional Plastics to Polylactic Acid Based Materials”, Materials, vol 13, pp. 1-24, November 2020.
A. Mittal, S. Garg and S. Bajpai, “Fabrication and characteristics of poly (vinyl alcohol)-starch-cellulosic material based biodegradable composite film for packaging application”, Materials Today: Proceedings, vol. 21, pp. 1577-1582, January 2020.
S. Narasagoudr, V. Hegde, V. Vanjeri, R. Chougale and S. Masti, “Ethyl vanillin incorporated chitosan/poly(vinyl alcohol) active films for food packaging applications”, Carbohydrate Polymers, vol. 236, pp. 116049, May 2020.
S. Sughtai, S. Vignesh, J. sundar and V. Raj, “Fabrication of PVA polymer films with improved antibacterial activity by fine-tuning via organic acids for food packaging application”, Applied Water Science, vol. 10, pp. 1-11, February 2020.
P. Laura. (2019) The World’s Plastic Pollution crisis explained. [Online]. [Available]:
https://www.nationalgeographic.com/environment/article/plastic-pollution
K. Szabo, B. Teleky, L. Mitrea, L. Calinoiu, G. Martau, E. Simon, R. Varvara and D. Vodnar, “Active packaging-poly (vinyl alcohol) films enriched with tomato by-products extract”, Coatings, vol. 2, pp. 1-18, February 2020.
R. Syafiq, S. Sapuan and R. Zuhri, “Effect of cinnamon essential oil on morphological, flammability and thermal properties of nanocellulose fibre–reinforced starch biopolymer composites”, Nanotechnology Reviews, vol. 9, pp. 1147-1159, October 2020.
Y. Yun, Y. Na and S. Yoon, “Mechanical Properties with the Functional Group of Additives for Starch/PVA Blend Film”, Journal of Polymers and the Environmet, vol. 14, pp. 71-78, January 2006.
F. Mazlia. (2014) Preparation and Properties of Polyvinyl Alcohol/Soya Bean Flour Biodegradable Film. [Online]. Available: http://eprints.usm.my/37236/1/FAIRUS_MAZLIA_BINTI_MAT_SUKI_24_Pages.pdf
A. Vinod, M. R. Sanjay, S. Suchart and P. Jyotishkumar, “Renewable and sustainable biobased materials: An assessment on biofibers, biofilms, biopolymers and biocomposites”, Journal of Cleaner Production, vol. 258, pp. 120978, March 2020.
Z. Ooi, C. Ewe, K. Chan, Y. Teoh and H. Ismail, “Tensile evaluation and thermal characteristics of polyvinyl alcohol film with varying oil palm ashes content”, Polymers and Polymer Composites, vol. 29, pp. 65-72, July 2017.
S. Shankar and J. Rhim, “Bio-Nanocomposites for Food Packaging Applications”, Progress in Polymer Science, vol. 38, pp. 1629-1652, October 2013.
I. Korbag and S. Salleh, “Studies on mechanical and biodegradability properties of PVA/lignin blend films”, International Journal of Environmental Studies, vol. 73, pp. 18-24, September 2015.
N. Jain, V. Singh and S. Chauhan, “A review on mechanical and water absorption properties of polyvinyl alcohol-based composites/films”, Journal of Mechanical Behavior of Materials, vol. 26, pp. 213-222, February 2018.
G. Park and J. Chang, “Comparison of Properties of PVA Nanocomposites Containing Reduced Graphene Oxide and Functionalized Graphene”, Polymers, vol. 11, pp. 1-15, March 2019.
S. Narasagoudr, V. Hegde, R. Chougale, S. Masti and S. Dixit, “Influence ofboswellic acid onmultifunctional properties ofchitosan/poly (vinyl alcohol) films for active food packaging”, International Journal of Biological Macromolecules, vol. 153, pp. 48-61, March 2020.
M. Nobile, A. Conte, A. Incoronato, A. Massaro and O. Panza, “Active packaging by extrusion processing of recyclable and biodegradable polymers”, Jounral of Food Engineering, vol. 93, pp. 1-6, December 2008.
G. Kavoosi, G. Nateghpoor, S. Mahdi Dafdar and S. Ali Dafdar, “Antioxidant, Antifungal, Water Binding, and Mechanical Properties of Poly(vinyl alcohol) Film Incorporated with Essential Oil as a Potential Wound Dressing Material”, Journal of Applied Polymer Science, vol. 131, pp. 1-8, April 2014.
H. Dai and J. Wang and N. Liu, “Preparation and Properties of Poly(vinyl alcohol) Films Using Carbohydrates as Plasticizers”, Journal of Vinyl and Additive Technology, vol. 25, pp. E181-E187, October 2018.
M. Casagrande, J, Zanela, A. W. Junior, F. Yamashita, C. Busso, J. Wouk, J. C. Radaelli and C. R. M. Malfatti, “Optical, Mechanical, Antioxidant and Antimicrobial Properties of Starch/Polyvinyl Alcohol Biodegradable Film Incorporated with Baccharis dracunculifolia Lyophilized Extract”, Waste and Biomass Valorization, vol. pp. 1-20, September 2020.
X. Gao, K. Tang and Y. Zhang, “Preparation and properties of biocomposite film with gelatin and poly(vinyl alcohol)”, Advanced Materials Research, vol. 287-290, pp. 302-305, July 2011.
M. Hallensleben, “Polyvinyl Compounds, Others”, Ullmann’s R. Nagarkar and J. Patel, “Polyvinyl Alcohol: A Comprehensive Study”, Acta Scientific Pharmaceutical Sciences, vol. 3, pp. 34-44, March 2019.
R. Nagarkar and J. Patel, “Polyvinyl Alcohol: A Comprehensive Study”, Acta Scientific Pharmaceutical Sciences, vol. 3, pp. 34-44, March 2019.
D. Gupta and K. Kalauni, “Fabrication and Characterization of Biocomposite using Grewia Optiva Fibre (i.e. Bhimal) Reinforced Polyvinyl Alcohol (PVA)”, Advanced Materials Research, vol.1105, pp. 51-55, May 2015.
E. Marin, J. Rojas and Y. Ciro, “A review of polyvinyl alcohol derivatives: Promising materials for pharmaceutical and biomedical applications”, African Journal of Pharcmacy and Pharmacology, vol. 8, pp. 674-684, May 2014.
B. Tan, Y. Ching, S. Poh, L. Abdullah and S. Gan, “A Review of Natural Fiber Reinforced Poly(Vinyl Alcohol) Based Composites: Application and Opportunity”, Polymers, vol. 7, pp. 2205-2222, November 2015.
A. Barui, Synthetic polymeric gel, K. Pal, I. Banerjee, Woodhead Publishing, 2018.
G. Goksen, M. J. Fabra, A. Perez-Cataluna, H. I. Ekiz, G. Sanchez and A. Lopez-Rubio, “Biodegradable active food packaging structures based on hybrid cross-linked electrospun polyvinyl alcohol fibers containing essential oils and their application in the preservation of chicken breast fillets”, Food Packaging and Shelf Life, vol. 27, pp. 1-8, June 2020.
R. Fernandez-Marin,J. Labidi, M. Andres and S. Fernandes, “Using a-chitin nanocrystals to improve the final properties of poly (vinyl alcohol) films with Origanum vulgare essential oil”, Polymer Degradation and Stability, vol. 179, pp. 1-10, May 2020.
S. Sharma, S. Barkauskaite, B. Duffy, A. K. Jaiswal and S. Jaiswal, “Characterization and Antimicrobial Activity of Biodegradable Active Packaging Enriched with Clove and Thyme Essential Oil for Food Packaging Application”, Foods, vol. 9, pp. 1-16, August 2020.
C. Chen, Z. Xu, Y. Ma, J. Liu, Q. Zhang, Z. Tang, K. Fu, F. Yang and J. Xie, “Properties, vapour-phase antimicrobial and antioxidant activities of active poly (vinyl alcohol) packaging films incorporated with clove oil”, Food Control, vol. 88, pp. 105-112, December 2017.
S. Chisenga, G. Tolesa and T. Workneh, “Biodegradable Food Packaging Materials and Prospects of the Fourth Industrial Revolution for Tomato Fruit and Product Handling”, International Journal of Food Science, vol. 2020, pp. 1-17, October 2020.
J. Jose and M. Al-Harthi, “Citric acid crosslinking of poly(vinyl alcohol)/starch/graphene nanocomposites for superior properties”, Iranian Polymer Journal (English Edition), vol. 26, pp. 579-587, June 2017.
X. Shi, W. Zhou, D. Ma, Q. Ma, D. Bridges, Y. Ma and A. Hu, “Electrospinning of Nanofibers and Their Applications for Energy Devices”, Journal of Nanomaterials, vol. 2015, pp. 1-20, April 2015.
J. Olivato, M. Grossmann, A. Blick and F. Yamashita, “Effect of organic acids as additives on the performance of thermoplastic starch/polyester blown film”, Carbohydrate Polymers, vol. 90, pp. 159-16, May 2012.
K. Srivastava, M. Singh, P. Mishra and P. Srivastava, “Pretreatment of banana pseudostem fibre for green composite packaging film preparation with polyvinyl alcohol”, Journal of Polymer Research, vol. 26, pp. 1-11, May 2019.
W. Lan, X. Liang, W. Lan, S. Ahmed, Y. Liu and W. Qin, “Electrospun Polyvinyl Alcohol/D-Limonene Fibers Prepared by Ultrasonic Processing for Antibacterial Active Packaging Material”, Molecules, vol. 24, pp. 1-14, February 2019.
G. Nandhavathy, V. Dharini, P. Anand Babu, R. B. Nambiar, S. Periyar Selvam, E. Rotimi Sadiku and M. Mahesh Kumar, “Determination of antifungal activities of essential oils incorporated- pomegranate peel fibers reinforced-polyvinyl alcohol biocomposite film against mango postharvest pathogens”, Materials Today: Proceedings, vol. 38, pp. 923-927, May 2020.
L. Sanchez-Gonzalez, A. Chiralt, C. Gonzalez-Martinez and M. Chafer, “Effect of essential oils on properties of film forming emulsions and films based on hydroxypropylmethylcellulose and chitosan”, Journal of Food Engineering, vol. 105, pp. 246-253, February 2011.
T. Huang, Y. Qian, J. Wei and C. Zhou, “Polymeric Antimicrobial Food Packaging and Its Applications”, Polymers, vol. 11, pp. 1-18, March 2019.
B. Macros, T. Aymerich, J. Monfort and M. Garriga, “Physical Performance of Biodegradable Films Intended for Antimicrobial Food Packaging”, Journal of Food Science, vol. 75, pp. 502-507, October 2010.
B. Ali, N. Al-Wabel, S. Shams, A. Ahamad, S. Khan and F. Anwar, “Essential oils used in aromatherapy: A systemic review”, Asian Pasific Journal of Tropical Biomedicine, vol. 5, pp. 601-611, May 2015
M. Akram, S. Firincioglu, H. Jalal and S. Dogan, “The Use of Essential Oils in Active Food Packaging: A Review of Recent Studies”, Turkish Journal of Agriculture - Food Science and Technology, vol. 7, pp. 1799, September 2019.
P. Reyyes-Chaparro, N. Gutierrez-Mendez, E. Salas-Munoz, J. Ayala-Soto, D. Chaves-Flores and L. Hernandez-Ochoa, “Effect of the Addition of Essential Oils and Functional Extracts of Clove on Physicochemical Properties of Chitosan-Based Films”, International Journal of Polymer Science, vol. 10, pp. 1-7, June 2015.
A. Goncalves and M. Rocha, “Safety and quality of antimicrobial packaging applied to seafood”, MOJ Food Processing and Technology, vol. 4, pp. 10-16, January 2017.
A. Musetti, K. Paderni, P. Fabbri, A. Pulvirenti, M. Al-Moghazy and P. Fava, “Poly(vinyl alcohol)-Based Film Potentially Suitable for Antimicrobial Packaging Applications”, Journal of Food Science, vol. 79, pp. 1-6, February 2014.
N. Omerovic,M. Djisalov, K. Zivojevic, M. Mladenovic, J. Vunduk, I. Milenkovic, N. Knezevic, I. Gadjanski and J. Vidic, “Antimicrobial nanoparticles and biodegradable polymer composites for active food packaging applications”, Comprehensive Reviews in Food Science and Food Safety, pp. 1-27, February 2021.
A. Amalraj, J. Haponiuk, S. Thomas and S. Gopi, “Preparation, characterization and antimicrobial activity of polyvinyl alcohol/gum arabic/chitosan composite films incorporated with black pepper essential oil and ginger essential oil”, International Journal of Biological Macromolecules, vol. 151, pp. 366-375, February 2020.
S. Sofi, J. Singh, S. Rafiq, U. Ashraf, B. Dar and G. Nayik, “A Comprehensive Review on Antimicrobial Packaging and its Use in Food Packaging”, Current Nutrition & Food Science, vol. 14, pp. 305-312, May 2017.
A. Balasubramanian, A. Rosenberg, K. Yam and M. Chikindas, “Antimicrobial Packaging: Potential vs. Reality—A Review”, Journal of Applied Packaging Research, vol. 3, pp. 193-221, October 2009.
B. Malhotra, A. Keshwani and H. Kharkwal, “Antimicrobial food packaging: potential and pitfalls”, Frontiers in Microbiology, vol. 6, pp. 1-9, June 2015.
A. Nowinska, J. Baranowska and M. Malinowski, “The Analysis of Biodegradation Process of Selected Paper Packaging Waste”, Infrastructure and Ecology of Rural Areas, vol. 3, pp. 253-261, December 2019.
A. Folino, A. Karageorgiou, P. Calabro and D. Komilis, “Biodegradation of Wasted Bioplastics in Natural and Industrial Environments: A Review”, Sustainability
Y. Tokiwa, B. P. Calabia, C. U. Uqwu and S. Aiba, “Biodegradability of Plastics”, International Journal of Molecular Sciences, vol. 10, pp. 3722-3742, August 2009.
B. Molki, P. Heidarian, W. Aframehr, B. Nasrabadi, B. Bahrami, M. Ahmadi, Z. Nia and R. Bagheri, “Properties investigation of polyvinyl alcohol barrier films reinforced by calcium carbonate nanoparticles”, Materials Research Express, vol. 2019, pp. 1-12, February 2019.
M. Shiji, J. Aswathy, P. Veena, M. Jyothis and R.E, “One-step synthesis of eco-friendly boiled rice starch blended polyvinyl alcohol bionanocomposite films decorated with in situ generated silver nanoparticles for food packaging purpose”, International Journal of Biological Micromolecules, vol. 2019, pp. 475-485, July 2019.
Downloads
Published
How to Cite
Issue
Section
License
Copyright (c) 2021 Nur Azira Tukiran
This work is licensed under a Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 International License.
The copyright of this article will be vested to author(s) and granted the journal right of first publication with the work simultaneously licensed under the Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 International (CC BY 4.0) license, unless otherwise stated.
