Long COVID-19 Syndrome, A Prolonged Misery

Authors

  • Hana Maizuliana Solehan Faculty of Medicine and Health Sciences, Universiti Sains Islam Malaysia, 71800, Nilai, Negeri Sembilan, Malaysia
  • Zatul-'Iffah Abu Hasan Faculty of Medicine and Health Sciences, Universiti Sains Islam Malaysia, 71800, Nilai, Negeri Sembilan, Malaysia
  • Nurul Azmawati Mohamed Faculty of Medicine and Health Sciences, Universiti Sains Islam Malaysia, 71800, Nilai, Negeri Sembilan, Malaysia
  • Mohd Dzulkhairi Mohd Rani Faculty of Medicine and Health Sciences, Universiti Sains Islam Malaysia, 71800, Nilai, Negeri Sembilan, Malaysia

DOI:

https://doi.org/10.33102/mjosht.v8i1.202

Keywords:

Long COVID, COVID-19, SARS-CoV-2

Abstract

Long COVID-19 is a constellation of symptoms following a confirmed COVID-19 acute infection. SARS-CoV-2 infection does not only give rise to respiratory problems but also other non-respiratory conditions. The symptoms and duration may vary among the patients and its treatment is based on the clinical presentation. Long COVID-19 among mildly infected patients was scarcely studied and reported, therefore we present a previously healthy, stage 2 COVID-19 patient who experiences prolonged symptoms of cough, chest pain, including anxiety and limited physical activities months after the first COVID-19 symptoms.

Downloads

Download data is not yet available.

References

[World Health Organization, “WHO Coronavirus Disease (COVID-19) Dashboard,” 2020. https://covid19.who.int/ (accessed Dec. 29, 2020).

Ministry of Health Malaysia, “COVID-19 Latest Update.,” 2020. http://covid-19.moh.gov.my/ (accessed Dec. 28, 2020).

Yang, X., Yu, Y., Xu, J., Shu, H., Liu, H., Wu, Y., ... & Shang, Y. (2020). Clinical course and outcomes of critically ill patients with SARS-CoV-2 pneumonia in Wuhan, China: a single-centered, retrospective, observational study. The Lancet Respiratory Medicine, 8(5), 475-481. doi: 10.1016/S0140-6736(20)30183-5

Shah, W., Hillman, T., Playford, E. D., & Hishmeh, L. (2021). Managing the long term effects of covid-19: summary of NICE, SIGN, and RCGP rapid guideline. bmj, 372. doi: 10.1136/bmj.n136

Moreno-Pérez, O., Merino, E., Leon-Ramirez, J.M., Andres, M., Ramos, J.M., Arenas-Jiménez, J., Asensio, S., Sanchez, R., Ruiz-Torregrosa, P., Galan, I. & Scholz, A. (2021). Post-acute COVID-19 syndrome. Incidence and risk factors: A Mediterranean cohort study. Journal of Infection, 82(3), 378-383. doi: 10.1016/j.jinf.2021.01.004

Sim, B.L.H., Chidambaram, S.K., Wong, X.C., Pathmanathan, M.D., Peariasamy, K.M., Hor, C.P., Chua, H.J. & Goh, P. P. (2020). Clinical characteristics and risk factors for severe COVID-19 infections in Malaysia: A nationwide observational study. The Lancet Regional Health-Western Pacific, 4, 100055. doi: 10.1016/j.lanwpc.2020.100055

Chan, J. F. W., Yuan, S., Kok, K. H., To, K. K. W., Chu, H., Yang, J., ... & Yuen, K. Y. (2020). A familial cluster of pneumonia associated with the 2019 novel coronavirus indicating person-to-person transmission: a study of a family cluster. The lancet, 395(10223), 514-523. doi: 10.1016/S0140-6736(20)30154-9

Zou, L., Ruan, F., Huang, M., Liang, L., Huang, H., Hong, Z., ... & Wu, J. (2020). SARS-CoV-2 viral load in upper respiratory specimens of infected patients. New England Journal of Medicine, 382(12), 1177-1179. doi: 10.1056/NEJMc2001737

Wölfel, R., Corman, V. M., Guggemos, W., Seilmaier, M., Zange, S., Müller, M. A., ... & Wendtner, C. (2020). Virological assessment of hospitalized patients with COVID-2019. Nature, 581(7809), 465-469. doi: 10.1038/s41586-020-2196-x

Kimball, A., Hatfield, K. M., Arons, M., James, A., Taylor, J., Spicer, K., ... & Zane, S. (2020). Asymptomatic and presymptomatic SARS-CoV-2 infections in residents of a long-term care skilled nursing facility King County, Washington, March 2020. Morbidity and Mortality Weekly Report, 69(13), 377. doi: 10.15585/mmwr.mm6913e1

Ikegami, S., Benirschke, R., Flanagan, T., Tanna, N., Klein, T., Elue, R., ... & Gniadek, T. J. (2020). Persistence of SARS CoV 2 nasopharyngeal swab PCR positivity in COVID19 convalescent plasma donors. Transfusion, 60(12), 2962-2968. doi: 10.1111/trf.16015

Higgins, V., Sohaei, D., Diamandis, E. P., & Prassas, I. (2021). COVID-19: from an acute to chronic disease? Potential long-term health consequences. Critical reviews in clinical laboratory sciences, 58(5), 297-310. doi: 10.1080/10408363.2020.1860895

Carvalho-Schneider, C., Laurent, E., Lemaignen, A., Beaufils, E., Bourbao-Tournois, C., Laribi, S., ... & Bernard, L. (2021). Follow-up of adults with noncritical COVID-19 two months after symptom onset. Clinical Microbiology and Infection, 27(2), 258-263. doi: 10.1016/j.cmi.2020.09.052

Carfì, A., Bernabei, R., & Landi, F. (2020). Persistent symptoms in patients after acute COVID-19. Jama, 324(6), 603-605. doi: 10.1001/jama.2020.12603

Xiong, Q., Xu, M., Li, J., Liu, Y., Zhang, J., Xu, Y., & Dong, W. (2021). Clinical sequelae of COVID-19 survivors in Wuhan, China: a single-centre longitudinal study. Clinical Microbiology and Infection, 27(1), 89-95. doi: 10.1016/j.cmi.2020.09.023

Mahase, E. (2020). Long covid could be four different syndromes, review suggests. BMJ, 371. doi: 10.1136/bmj.m3981

Chopra, V., Flanders, S. A., O’Malley, M., Malani, A. N., & Prescott, H. C. (2021). Sixty-day outcomes among patients hospitalized with COVID-19. Annals of Internal Medicine, 174(4), 576-578. doi: 10.7326/M20-5661

Bellan, M., Soddu, D., Balbo, P. E., Baricich, A., Zeppegno, P., Avanzi, G. C., ... & Pirisi, M. (2021). Respiratory and psychophysical sequelae among patients with COVID-19 four months after hospital discharge. JAMA network open, 4(1), e2036142-e2036142. doi: 10.1001/jamanetworkopen.2020.36142

McCue, C., Cowan, R., Quasim, T., Puxty, K., & McPeake, J. (2021). Long term outcomes of critically ill COVID-19 pneumonia patients: early learning. Intensive care medicine, 47(2), 240-241. doi: 10.1007/s00134-020-06313-x

Garrigues, E., Janvier, P., Kherabi, Y., Le Bot, A., Hamon, A., Gouze, H., ... & Nguyen, Y. (2020). Post-discharge persistent symptoms and health-related quality of life after hospitalization for COVID-19. Journal of Infection, 81(6), e4-e6. doi: 10.1016/j.jinf.2020.08.029

Tenforde, M. W., Rose, E. B., Lindsell, C. J., Shapiro, N. I., Files, D. C., Gibbs, K. W., ... & Kim, S. S. (2020). Characteristics of adult outpatients and inpatients with COVID-19—11 academic medical centers, United States, March–May 2020. Morbidity and Mortality Weekly Report, 69(26), 841. doi: 10.15585/mmwr.mm6926e3

Goërtz, Y. M., Van Herck, M., Delbressine, J. M., Vaes, A. W., Meys, R., Machado, F. V., ... & Spruit, M. A. (2020). Persistent symptoms 3 months after a SARS-CoV-2 infection: the post-COVID-19 syndrome?. ERJ open research, 6(4). doi: 10.1183/23120541.00542-2020

Ismael, F., Bizario, J. C., Battagin, T., Zaramella, B., Leal, F. E., Torales, J., ... & Castaldelli-Maia, J. M. (2020). Post-infection depression, anxiety and PTSD: a retrospective cohort study with mild COVID-19 patients. medRxiv. doi: 10.1101/2020.08.25.20182113

Nehme, M., Braillard, O., Alcoba, G., Aebischer Perone, S., Courvoisier, D., Chappuis, F., Guessous, I. and COVICARE TEAM†, 2021. COVID-19 symptoms: longitudinal evolution and persistence in outpatient settings. Annals of internal medicine, 174(5), pp.723-725. doi: 10.7326/M20-5926

Downloads

Published

2022-01-25

How to Cite

Solehan, H. M., Abu Hasan, Z.- 'Iffah ., Mohamed, N. A., & Mohd Rani, M. D. (2022). Long COVID-19 Syndrome, A Prolonged Misery. Malaysian Journal of Science Health & Technology, 8(1), 27–30. https://doi.org/10.33102/mjosht.v8i1.202

Issue

Section

Medical